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Showing posts with label SA 2. Show all posts
Showing posts with label SA 2. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 10, 2015

DEFINE TERMS- CIVICS- 8th CLASS CBSE- SA-2

Define terms- civics

Offence-

An act of breaking the law.

Cognizable offence-

A serious offence for which one can be tried and punished with imprisonment.

First information report-

A written report of a crime registered by with the police.

Charge sheet

 A written document containing the accusation against  a person filed in a court by the police.

Warrant

Written permission of a court.

Bail-

A sum of money deposited as security to ensure that a person appears for a trail.

Public persecutor

Lawyer who represents the state
.
Defense lawyer-

Lawyer who defends the accused.

Minorities-

Small group  that are different from the majority community in a language, religion, race etc.

Ghettos-

It is pockets in urban areas that are inhabited mostly by the members of a minority community.

Adivasis
                 
Tribals, the most ancient inhabitants  of India.

Shifting agriculture-

A mode of cultivation in which a forest land is cleared, cultivated and then left to be regenerated by the natural process.

Dalits-

The lowest castes in the caste hierarchy, considered untouchables.

Slave labour-

Work without wages.

Vicious circle

An interconnected sequence of cause and effect.

Mainstream-

Influential or generally accepted group, views, fashion etc.

Sanitation-

Hygienic system of disposing of human excreta.

NGO-

Nongovernmental organizations or organization outside the government that are involved in social activities.

Tariff-

Fix rates or charges.

Cess-

A special tax.

Economic activities-

Activities related to the production, distribution and management of material things.

Consumer-

Users of goods and services
.
Labour courts-

Special courts dealing with disputes between individual workers and employers.

Convention-

Agreement or treaty also assembly or conference.

Consumer courts-


Special courts that deal with the complaints of consumers.
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Monday, March 9, 2015

DEFINE TERMS- CLASS 8TH - GEOGRAPHY- SA-2

Define terms-
Life expectancy-

Number of people expected to live the time he or she is born.

Dependency ratio-

This is the ratio of the number of economically non active people to the number of active people in the country.

Sex ratio-

 It is defined as the number of females per thousand males.

Subsistence agriculture-

Raising crops and rearing animals for use by family.

Collective agriculture

Farmer pool in resources for various farming activities.

Plantation agriculture-

Growing a crop on a large estates with huge capital investments.

Market gardening-

An intensive cash crop cultivation of vegetables, flowers or fruits.

Organic farming-

It involves using techniques to achieve good crop yields without harming the natural environment.

Sericulture-

Rearing of silkworms to obtain  silk for their cocoons.

Pisciculture-

Breeding of fish, crabs, prawn etc.

Horticulture-

Cultivation of ornamental plants, flowers, nuts on small plots of lands.

Manufacturing-

The process of changing raw materials into products.

Primary industries-

Industries involved in extracting resources from sea or land.

Territory industries-

Industries dealing with the services and distribution of manufactured goods.

Secondary industries-

Industries manufacturing things by processing raw materials  are called secondary industries.

Quaternary industries-

Industries which are concerned with technological research and development.

Agrobased industries-

Industries utilizing agricultural and animal based products as raw materials.

Mineral based industries-

Industries depending on mineral ores for raw materials.

Forest based industries-

Industries which utilize forest products as raw materials.

Marine based industries-

Sea/oceans provide raw material to these industries.  
           
Private sector industries-

Industries owned by individuals or firms.

Public sector industries-

Industries owned and operated by the government and its agencies.

Joint sector industries-

Industries owned jointly by the state and the individuals.

Cooperative sector industries-

Industries owned and operated by the producers  or suppliers of raw materials,workers or both.

Confluence-

A place where two streams or rivers meet.

Integrated iron and steel works-

A site where iron ore is processed  and steel is manufactured as well.

Population density

It is measured as the number of people per square kilometer of land.

Birth rate-

It refers to the number of live births per 1000 in the population in a year.

Death rate-

It refers to the number of deaths per 1000 in the population in a year.

Immigration-

It is the movement of people into a country to stay permanently.

Emigration-

When people move out of a country to take up permanent residence elsewhere.


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